Metodika Lichnostnogo Differenciala Klyuch

Gennady VYZHLETSOV. Saint Petersburg State University, Russia Department of Philosophy, Chair of Ontology and Theory of Knowledge Professor, Doctor of Science (Philosophy). This journal was published prior to January 1, 2017 in a printed version and had an ISSN number: 2070-8955. Since January 1, 2017 the journal has transitioned to an e-journal, and now carries a new ISSN number: 2454-0722.

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– M.: Infra-M, 2014. [ ] [ 838 Kb] Gennady VYZHLETSOV Saint Petersburg State University, Russia Department of Philosophy, Chair of Ontology and Theory of Knowledge Professor, Doctor of Science (Philosophy) Axiology of Culture at the Turn of the Centuries The article is devoted to analysis of formation and development of the ontological axiology of culture at the turn of the XIX – XX and XX – XXI centuries. On the first turn the philosophy of values has received the name «axiology» (1902) and the place in the system of philosophy (1907 – 1909.). In this classic period (1890s – 1930s) H. Scheler and N. Hartmann create a framework of values of «Kulturphilosophie».

They introduce the basic categories: spirit, values, people and culture. Russian religious philosophy, spiritually and valuable in its content, develops them on the basis of features of Russian philosophy and culture. The result of all the classical period becomes the ontological axiology of N.O.Lossky (1931), opposing the absolutism and axiological relativism.

Modern post-non-classical period (1970s – 2010s) is different to axiological relativism. It removes the difference between the value of opposites, and values are swapped with their opposites: «the good turns «evil», «beautiful» turns «ugly», turning the culture into its opposite. Modern ontological «axiology of culture» (1996) proves the objectivity of cultural values by transcendence of their source.

It is spiritual and energy potential of the infinite universe life, briefly referred to as «Spirit». The value therefore is the truth of the spirit and sustenance of culture as the creator and the creation by man. Axiology of culture, being the basis of modern humanitarian knowledge in general, is based on rationality as the effective activity of the mind. Key words: axiology, spirit, value, people, culture, philosophy, ontology, truth, mind, absolutism, transcendence, relativism.