Imad Alj Mansari Biografiya
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To understand any system thoroughly, it is imperative to get acquainted with its scholars, particularly those who have made significant contribution to its development. And in the course of that study, one comes across their important works which over a period have become the sources of reference.
Ilmul Fiqh was meticulously recorded to form a valuable literature during the last eleven centuries, which still exists, and has been constantly studied in the Islamic seminaries. Eminent scholars were able to train numerous students who in turn trained their students in this branch of Islamic knowledge. This tutorpupil chain has remained unbroken till today.
No doubt, other sciences like Philosophy, Logic, Mathematics and Medicine are much older and volumes written on those topics date much earlier. Yet they cannot be compared to FIQH which has been a growing science with a continuous line of tutorpupil relationship. Of course, we make this assertion keeping the Islamic colleges in view. It has been a fortunate practice of Muslim scholars that they always identified great scholars according to the generation to which they belonged.
Roum ru najti cheloveka po nomeru telefona du. This was first done in respect of Ulama of Hadith, to be followed later for the Ulama of other branches of Islamic learnings. Special books were written to categorise the generations, like TABAQATUL FUQAHA by Abu Ishaq Shirazi, TABAQATUL ATIBBA by Ibn Abi Usayaba, TABAQATUL NNAHWIYYIN and TABAQATUL SSUFIYYA by Abu Abd alrahman Silmi. However, as far as the generation of FUQAHA is concerned, the works which exist are those written by Sunni scholars. We do not know of any Shia work on the subject, with the result that we have to rely on various biographical sketches and other books of IJAZAT wherein tutors have certified the abilities of their pupils and allowed them to transmit the Traditions further to their students. In the following paragraphs, we wish to acquaint ourselves with some of the most outstanding FUQAHA of Shia sect, together with their notable contributions. In so doing, we hope to identify them in accordance with the generations to which each belonged.
SHIA FUQAHA For two obvious reasons, we have to begin the history of Shia FUQAHA from the era of GHAYBATeSUGHRA, i.e. Minor occultation. (260 AH 329 AH).
First, the era preceding GHAYBAT-eSUGHRA is an era during which the holy Imams were present, and although there were many men of knowledge and accomplishments who were trained by the Imams themselves, people always tried their best to refer to the Imams rather then to the Ulama. Even the Ulama travelled far and wide to reach the Imams, so as to solve the problems they faced.
Thus, in the era when Imams were present and accessible, other scholars were eclipsed. Secondly, the literature we have at our disposal on FIQH commences from the era of GHAYBATe-SUGHRA. We cannot trace, or rather are unable to trace, any literature compiled on the subject in the earlier era. However, many great FUQAHA lived in the period of our holy Imams, and they are well known for their distinction and excellence when compared to their contemporaries from other schools of thought. Ibn alNadeem in his famous ALFIHRIST has a complete chapter on the FUQAHA of Shia, and mentions their works on FIQH or Hadith with deep reverence. For example, for Husain b. Saeed Ahwazi, he says: ' In his time, he had the widest knowledge of FIQH, Islamic Traditions and Ethics'.
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Similarly, he eulogises Ali b. Ibrahim Qummi by saying: 'He is among the great scholars and FUQAHA'. Again, when mentioning Muhammad b. AlWaleed Qummi, he says: 'To his credit is the great and comprehensive work on FIQH'. It must be known that the works on FIQH to which reference has been made above were of a different nature. They were principally compilation of those Hadith which they believed to be sound and authentic and according to which they acted. So, they can safely be categorised as the books of Hadith bearing a stamp of the writers' considered opinions.
Muhaqqiq Hilli, the maternal uncle and teacher of Allama Hilli writes: 'In view of the fact that we have a great number of FUQAHA who have copiously written on the subject, it is not possible for me to quote all of them. I have selected from those who were best known for their research and scholarship, quoting their Ijtehad, and the opinions they adopted for action. From amongst the earlier ones, I have selected Hasan b. Mahboob, Ahmed b. Abi Nasr Bezanti, Husain b.
Saeed Ahwazi, Fadhl b. Shadhan Nisaburi, Yunus b. Abd alRahman. They lived during the presence of our Imams. From the later group, I quote Muhammad b. Babawayh Qummi (popularly known as Shaikh Sadooq) and Muhammad b.